淳化县泥河沟流域投入产出分析及发展规划

本文运用投入产出分析法分析了淳化泥河沟流域生态经济系统,研究结果表明:经济效益大小排序为:林果>经济作物>工副业>小家畜>粮食作物>大家畜>瓜蔬>其它养殖业。又运用线性规划法,制定了该流域的经济发展规划,认为在泥河沟流域应优先大力发展林果业。     

Parameterization and regionalization of Cd sorption characteristics of sandy soils. II. Regionalization: Freundlich k estimates by pedotransfer functions

The aim was to describe Cd sorption in spatially variable sandy soils of the ‘Fuhrberger Feld’ catchment area as a prerequisite for prognosis of Cd transport in soil and of the threat of groundwater pollution. Thus, the possibility is evaluated to derive a generalized Freundlich equation based on multiple regressions relating the retention parameters k and M (from isotherm data of part 1 of this study) to basic soil properties (pedotransfer functions). For the parameter M (exponent), the correlation ‘measured vs estimated’ was weak (r² < 0.5) whereas k was well predictable by pedotransfer functions. The best regression was obtained if organic carbon (OC). clay content and H⁺ activity were combined as independent variables (r² up to 0.96). The obtained k values were much higher than those from comparable literature models, probably due to lower ionic strength and different composition of our background solutions used for the isotherms. As a critical evaluation, the estimates for k were used to derive solute Cd concentrations (C_est) which then were compared to measured data (range 0.1–3 μg L^?1). The best but still unsatisfactory r² was 0.77, obtained if G_est was compared to Cd in 0.01 M_c Ca(NO₃)₂ equilibria (Cd₀). Cd in fresh soil solution (Cd_z) showed no significant correlation with C_est, except for one relationship where OC had been excluded from the preceding multiple regression of k. Generally, the role of the variable OC remained unclear. Direct multiple regressions of measured solute Cd vs soil properties (bypassing k, no sorbed fraction) yielded much closer correlations, with r² = 0.9 for Cd₀ vs OC, H⁺ activity, clay (log data, OC decreases C) and r² = 0.7 for Cd₂ vs OC, H⁺ activity, clay (log data, OC enhances C).     

玉米灌浆后期百粒重变化的品种间差异分析

采用回归异质性测验法分析了黑龙江省８个玉米杂交种抽丝后３０～６０ｄ期间百粒重的变化。结果表明,此期间早熟和晚熟杂交种百粒重变化的回归系数差异显著,因而平均灌浆速率也有显著差异。     

双变数回归分析程序设计及其应用

选择８种双变数回归模型,采用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言设计双变数回归分析程序,使之为回归分析服务,经上机运行证明,程序简单实用,交互性强,在实际应用中,不但能自动比较不同模型的精度,以选出最佳方程,而且能及时进行回归模拟,查看回归曲线与实际观测点的吻合程度。     

回归分析在莴笋无土栽培营养液配方中的应用

采用回归分析法,通过盆栽试验,研究莴笋无土栽培营养液中大量元素的最优配方。结果表明,当营养液中Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ,ＫＮＯ３,ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ分别为１７４５,１１０７,１５,８９３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１时,能满足莴笋生长发育的需要而获得高产。同时还确定了最佳浓度范围及不同因子对植株产量影响的相对大小。这说明用回归分析法研究无土栽培营养液配方是切实可行的。     

硒都黑猪体重与体尺指标的通径分析及最优回归模型的建立

为了探讨硒都黑猪体重与体尺指标的相关性,研究体尺指标对体重的直接和间接作用,构建体重与体尺的最优回归模型,试验选取190日龄硒都黑猪167头,测量体重(Y)与体高(X1)、体长(X2)、胸围(X3)、腹围(X4)、臀长(X5)、臀宽(X6)、臀围(X7)等各项体尺指标,并进行相关性分析、通径分析、逐步线性回归分析.结果...     

锡林浩特草原区27种植物净光合速率影响因素的多因子分析

植物净光合速率的关键影响因子关系到草原生产力的波动和稳定性。实地测定锡林浩特草原22个样地27种共82株植物的光合指标和环境影响因子,采用Pearson相关性分析、多元回归分析、通径分析、决策系数分析等方法,分析各因子与草原植物净光合速率的关系。结果表明:锡林浩特草原区植物净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关;净光合速率与水分利用效率呈线性相关;在影响草原植物的环境因子中,净光合速率随大气相对湿度的增加而增大,而空气温度对净光合速率的影响并不显著;由通径分析可知,水分利用效率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和大气相对湿度成为影响净光合速率的主要因素。决策系数表明,锡林浩特草原区植物的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度4个生理因子是净光合速率的主要决策变量,而环境参数中的空气温度和大气相对湿度,则成为净光合速率的限制性因素。影响草原植物净光合速率的因素有蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度和大气相对湿度。     

基于遥感和GIS的农村城镇化进程分析及模式探索

为深入了解农村城镇化进程所处的阶段,掌握农户对农村城镇化的参与意愿及影响因素,以建立可持续发展的农村城镇化模式,该文选取河西走廊张掖市甘州区为例,首先基于Landsat TM/OLI 1990年、2004年、2014年3期遥感影像提取甘州区农村居民点时空分布信息,利用GIS空间分析和统计方法分析甘州区农村居民点变化规律,揭示甘州区农村城镇化进程和特点。然后利用Logistic回归分析基于农户意愿的农村城镇化影响因素,最后构建了甘州区多元化的城镇化模式。主要的研究结果:1)从1990年到2014年,甘州区农村居民点数量和面积不断增加,特别是近10 a来农村居民点数量和面积增长显著大于前15年,且空间集聚效应明显。说明近10 a研究区城镇化进程显著加快,且具有较大的空间异质性。依据城镇化阶段空间异质性将甘州区农村城镇化划为成熟期,成长期和孕育期3个阶段;2)Logistic回归发现影响农户参与城镇化意愿的主要因素依次为:新型技能培训受教育水平年龄家庭外出务工人员选择医院类型人均耕地面积是否支持土地流转7个因素,这7个因素包含了农户的生计特征、年龄及耕地资源禀赋。依据这7类主要因素将甘州区农户划分为非农技能型、农工兼营型和农业主导型3类城镇化类型;该研究最后依据不同阶段的城镇化和不同的农户城镇化类型,组合构建了多元的城镇化模式。该研究可为理清农村城镇化进程,制定科学合理的农村城镇化政策提取理论依据和实践指导。     

黑斑狗鱼形态性状对体重的影响效果分析

选取0^＋龄～4^＋龄黑斑狗鱼332尾,对其体长、体高、体宽、尾柄长、尾柄高、头长、头高、头宽、吻长、眼间距、口裂宽、口裂长和体重等13个性状进行测量。采用多元分析法分析体重和形态形状的关系。结果表明,黑斑狗鱼除0^＋龄头长与体重之间的相关系数未达到显著水平（P〉0．05）外,其它各形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到显著水平（P〈0．05）或极显著水平（P〈0．01）;经通径分析,不同年龄阶段各形态性状对体重的通径系数存在一定的差异,但体长和头高对体重的通径系数均达到显著水平,而且体长对体重的直接作用均最大,其余各性状均是通过体长间接的影响体重;决定系数分析结果表明,体长对体重的决定系数最大,其它性状主要通过体长影响体重;通径分析结果与决定系数分析结果的变化趋势一致;所选形态性状与体重的相关指数R2〉0．85,说明所选性状是影响体重的主要性状。应用逐步多元回归分析,经偏回归系数的显著性检验,建立以体重为因变量（Y）,各形态性状为自变量的多元回归方程,0^＋龄～4^＋龄黑斑狗鱼体重（Y）与形态性状参数的多元叵归方程分别为：LgY=-1．411＋0．395LgX8＋0．576LgX1＋0．092LgX1n＋0．538LgX7＋0．35LgX6;LgY=-4．132＋0．866LgX1＋0．102LgX】2＋0．083LgX7;LgY=一4．186＋0．772LgX1＋0．195LgX7;LgY=-2．542＋0．372LgX1＋0．185LgX3＋0．256LgX8＋0．23LgX7,;LgY=-4．585＋0．816LgX1＋0．178LgX7。经回归预测估计值与实际值间的差异不显著（P〉0．05）,该方程可用于黑斑狗鱼实际生产中,为黑斑狗鱼选种提供了理论依据和理想的测量指标。     

Determination of Principal Components for Characterizing the Drying of Sea Cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus Selenka) Using Far Infrared Radiation Drying and Hot Air Drying

Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were conducted to characterize the drying of sea cucumber (SC). Far infrared radiation drying (FIRD) and hot air drying (AD) were used to dehydrate SC. Thirteen variables—including the morphological, color, and textural properties of dried SC—were selected for statistical analysis. The analysis of these 13 variables yielded three principal components showing significant correlations. PCA showed that the first three components represented 86.2% of the total variation. The first principal component was primarily related to the morphological properties of SC. The principal components determined by the PCA were more strongly influenced by the morphological variables than by the drying method. Of the morphological variables, the weight of SC had the strongest influence on the drying time and rehydration ratio of FIRD and AD.